# DePIN Infrastructure Modules

Whether a DePIN focuses on physical resources or digital resources or targets a specific vertical, it must interface with real-world smart devices that generate an incredible amount of data. The need for a **modular**, **end-to-end tech stack** that connects real-world data to the blockchain world is essential.

<figure><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXeuEJGNoGFJYCK1gT7FpxILk_l8uFTmnm78rMNBYh5HlljzKMkeTrvO__dbUDvHtgDuxUN6PpEpz5uNljC5qpIo6orQEN73PIi-cuDgN2TK20C4DoW9RdGz63VTXFD_xP4lnIqFhblu2EHfgWy2fQzPdMtz?key=xRhwvsy-gk4_S1iqjhFKlQ" alt=""><figcaption><p>IoTeX Reference Architecture for DePINs</p></figcaption></figure>

Blockchain, as an immutable ledger, is a perfect foundation to **document facts** about what happened in the physical world; however, before writing "**proofs of physical work**" from devices to the blockchain permanently, a series of steps must be completed to **verify the real world activity** that actually happened and if the data is trustworthy.&#x20;

Devices must be registered on-chain, raw data must be collected, parsed, sequenced, and stored, and computations over data must be performed in a verifiable fashion before any "proof of real-world activity" can be settled to a blockchain. The reference architecture above shows **nine essential layers for DePIN projects** to consider.

{% hint style="success" %}
IoTeX introduced the concept of "**DePIN Infrastructure Modules (DIMs)**" as the methodology enabling any infrastructure builder to provide their implementations for the different layers required to a DePIN project. This provides DePIN projects with a vast array of options for creating their custom tech stack.
{% endhint %}


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